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The conventional view of scholars has tended to be that the Last Supper, as recorded in the New Testament, was both the source and the pattern for the early Christian Eucharist. ‘Eucharistic Origins’ argues that, while the eucharistic sayings of Jesus did play an important part in shaping the beliefs of many early Christian communities: • the actual forms of their liturgical celebrations were...

they actually refer to two quite different Jewish liturgical constructions: the berakah, ‘blessing’, which used the passive participle of the verb barak, ‘Blessed are you … who …’, and which eventually became normative in later Jewish prayer; and the hodayah, ‘thanksgiving’, which used an active form of the verb hodeh, ‘I/we give thanks to you … because …’.20 Both of the forms were in use by Jews in the first century, although the Qumran material21 and also Hellenistic Jewish sources22 seem to
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